I aim to study the DNA variability of archaeological grapevine and olive specimens at the whole genome level through the use of high throughput sequencing methods. This will allow me to explore the spatial and temporal variability of genomes and population structure of vine and olive seeds/fruits in relation to climate change but also to characterize the evolution of genes related to the adaptation of plants to climatic conditions (phenology, resistance to water stress). The analyses that I carry out are based on the most recent genomic and palaeogenomic techniques to sequence ancient DNA from vine seeds and olive endocarps preserved by imbibition in archaeological contexts of the Mediterranean and Europe western, dated 4000 to 1000 before the present.