My activity focuses on the evolution of barley during the last 8 millennia in the Northwestern Mediterranean basin, focusing on two main questions: How has barley evolved over time? What socio-economic, cultural and environmental transformations have influenced this agrobiodiversity, and how? To answer these questions, I will use a geometric morphometrics approach on modern varieties of barley but also on fossil barley found in various archaeological sites in the South of France and in Spain.