{"version":"1.0","provider_name":"ISEM","provider_url":"https:\/\/isem-evolution.fr\/en\/","author_name":"Fadela Tamoune","author_url":"#","title":"Muskaan - ISEM","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"pKYfr0c53x\"><a href=\"https:\/\/isem-evolution.fr\/en\/membre\/muskaan\/\">Muskaan<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/isem-evolution.fr\/en\/membre\/muskaan\/embed\/#?secret=pKYfr0c53x\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" title=\"&#8220;Muskaan&#8221; &#8212; ISEM\" data-secret=\"pKYfr0c53x\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script>\n\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n!function(d,l){\"use strict\";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&\"undefined\"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),c=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display=\"none\";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):\"link\"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute(\"src\")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener(\"message\",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:\"ready\",secret:t},\"*\")},!1)))}(window,document);\n\/\/# sourceURL=https:\/\/isem-evolution.fr\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-embed.min.js\n<\/script>\n","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/isem-evolution.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/MUSKAAN_Muskaan_ID.jpg","thumbnail_width":1000,"thumbnail_height":1011,"description":"Factors influencing the efficacy of natural selection, particularly how the dominance level of selected mutations interacts with the ploidy level of organisms, remain poorly understood. A key prediction is that recessivity should reduce selection efficacy in diploids but not haploids. However, this is challenging to test directly in species with a diploid-dominant life cycle. An under-explored phylogenetic clade ideal for studying this question is Bryophytes. Their haplo-diplontic life cycles are characterised by alternating between a long haploid phase (gametophyte)and a sh ort diploid phase (sporophyte). The relative lengths of the haploid and diploid phases can be appreciably different across different species with a gradient of sporophyte complexity observed from liverworts to mosses. The PhD project will investigate how ploidy affects the efficacy of adaptation and purifying selection within species in haplo-diplontic organisms. Population transcriptomic data will be produced for various species of Bryophytes to identify phase-biased genes and characterize their diversity patterns."}