1.0ISEMhttps://isem-evolution.fr/en/Fadela Tamoune#rich600338<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="Io7VX1b0d8"><a href="https://isem-evolution.fr/en/membre/muskaan/">Muskaan</a></blockquote><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" src="https://isem-evolution.fr/en/membre/muskaan/embed/#?secret=Io7VX1b0d8" width="600" height="338" title="“Muskaan” — ISEM" data-secret="Io7VX1b0d8" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" class="wp-embedded-content"></iframe><script> /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(d,l){"use strict";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),c=new RegExp("^https?:$","i"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display="none";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute("style"),"height"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):"link"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute("src")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener("message",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll("iframe.wp-embedded-content"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute("data-secret"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+="#?secret="+t,e.setAttribute("data-secret",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:"ready",secret:t},"*")},!1)))}(window,document); //# sourceURL=https://isem-evolution.fr/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js </script> https://isem-evolution.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/MUSKAAN_Muskaan_ID.jpg10001011Factors influencing the efficacy of natural selection, particularly how the dominance level of selected mutations interacts with the ploidy level of organisms, remain poorly understood. A key prediction is that recessivity should reduce selection efficacy in diploids but not haploids. However, this is challenging to test directly in species with a diploid-dominant life cycle. An under-explored phylogenetic clade ideal for studying this question is Bryophytes. Their haplo-diplontic life cycles are characterised by alternating between a long haploid phase (gametophyte)and a sh ort diploid phase (sporophyte). The relative lengths of the haploid and diploid phases can be appreciably different across different species with a gradient of sporophyte complexity observed from liverworts to mosses. The PhD project will investigate how ploidy affects the efficacy of adaptation and purifying selection within species in haplo-diplontic organisms. Population transcriptomic data will be produced for various species of Bryophytes to identify phase-biased genes and characterize their diversity patterns.